mardi 28 février 2017
Healthier Cereals Snare a Spot on New York School Menus
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About New York: Remembering a City Where the Smog Could Kill
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The MLS Is Growing in Teams---Just Not Profits
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Vikings and Chiefs Part Ways With Their Franchise Running Backs
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You Know What North Dakota Needs? More Parking Meters
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Upstate Village Tables Pollution Deal With Saint-Gobain and Honeywell
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WATCH: Colorectal cancer rates up sharply in younger adults
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WATCH: Colorectal cancer rates up sharply in younger adults
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As H.I.V. Soars in Philippines, Conservatives Kill School Condom Plan
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Colorectal cancer rates increasing sharply among younger adults
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After Scare, Air Hoses at C.D.C. Germ Lab Are Found to Be Safe
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Iranian baby delayed by travel ban recovering after heart surgery
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How Alzheimer's Defined a Family
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Influential Health Fund Reboots Its Search for a Leader
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George Saunders, Anna Kendrick and More on Procrastination
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One Man's Odd Obsession With Subarus
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Colon and Rectal Cancers Rising in Young People
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WATCH: Iranian infant affected by travel ban recovering after heart surgery
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WATCH: Iranian infant affected by travel ban recovering after heart surgery
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Natalie Massenet to Join Net-a-Porter Competitor Farfetch
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'Ellie Challenge' puts rare disease in the spotlight
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WATCH: Viola Davis sheds light on 'impostor syndrome'
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WATCH: 'Biggest Loser' star Bob Harper reveals heart attack scare
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Vitamins Gone Gummy
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Op-Ed Columnist: The Fight for Obamacare Has Turned
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Fixes: How to Fight a Soaring Drug Price: Innovate
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lundi 27 février 2017
SpaceX Proposes a Private Manned Mission to Orbit Moon
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Don't Worry If You Always Worry (It May Help You)
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The Smart Way to Pack for Months in Space
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How Gonzaga Went From Glass Slipper to Glass Ceiling
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Stephen Curry Is Only Getting Warmed Up
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Secrets of NFL Combine
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The Unexpected Nordic Conquest of Team USA
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In Kentucky, a Trump stronghold, many fear losing Obamacare
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WATCH: How food fads and diet trends fare for heart health
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WATCH: How food fads and diet trends fare for heart health
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How food fads and diet trends fare for heart health
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WATCH: Babies photographed cuddled up in molds of their moms' pregnant bellies
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Global Health: Life Span of South Korean Women Is Headed Toward 90
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W.H.O. Warns of Lethal, Drug-Resistant ‘Superbugs’
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Q&A: Pregnancy Upon Pregnancy
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How Ermenegildo Zegna Is Revving Up
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Paul Taylor's Favorite Things
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The New Health Care: If Obamacare Exits, Some May Need to Rethink Early Retirement
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Personal Health: Aids for Vision Loss, From Those Who’ve Been There
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The Checkup: What Happens When Parents Are Rude in the Hospital
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How to Get Patients to Take More Control of Their Medical Decisions
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How Schools Can Get Children to Eat Their Vegetables
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Why Men Have Such a Hard Time With Aging
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Dodgeball: A Massage Expert's Perfect Escape
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dimanche 26 février 2017
Farewell to the Circus
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Big Ten Basketball Is Marching Toward Historic Mediocrity
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A Rabbi's Quest to Make His Corner of Siberia Kosher Again
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samedi 25 février 2017
The Adults a Medicaid Work Requirement Would Leave Behind
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WATCH: Amal Clooney shows off baby bump at Cesar Awards
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vendredi 24 février 2017
Less-Abominable Snowmobiles
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WATCH: Naloxone: The basics
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WATCH: Naloxone: The basics
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WATCH: Naloxone: The basics
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WATCH: Naloxone: The basics
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Doctors Consider a Last Best Hope for Obese Teenagers: Surgery
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Safety Tech for Motorcyclists (and Those Who Worry About Them)
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Well: Do Dairy Foods Cause Mucus Production?
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Ties: My Daughter’s Silent Virus: Congenital CMV
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The New Old Age: Gorsuch Staunchly Opposes ‘Aid in Dying.’ Does It Matter?
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So, Um, How Do You, Like, Stop Using Filler Words?
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Op-Ed Columnist: Death and Tax Cuts
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jeudi 23 février 2017
Fatal drug overdoses more than doubled since 1999, CDC finds
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The NCAA's Madness Over March
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Leicester Fires Ranieri in Ugly End to Fairy Tale's Sequel
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The Cavs and the Warriors Win Again
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WATCH: Study: Stress hormone linked to obesity
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WATCH: Study: Stress hormone linked to obesity
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Comfort Alert: Wide Trousers Are On the Loose Again
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Singing While Pregnant
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Current and Former Smokers: Eat Your Fruits and Vegetables
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Stress hormone linked to persistent obesity, study finds
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Stress hormone linked to persistent obesity, study finds
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Jordan Peele Reveals What's on His iPhone
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Why Winter is the Best Time to Visit Wine Country
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A Brief History of Sledding
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Country Homes With Falling Water
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Diabetes Testing at the Dentist’s Office
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Does a Bathtub Ever Belong In a Bedroom?
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The Classic Banker's Desk Lamp, Updated for 2017
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At the Museums: The Singular Style of Bunny Mellon and Georgia O'Keeffe
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Transparently Pretty Shoes: Which Height is Right for You?
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Repeal of Health Law Faces Obstacles in House, Not Just in Senate
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Home Buyers Beware of Tall Tales and Family Legends
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Tommy Hilfiger Lists Colorful Miami-Area Home for $27.5 Million
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Luxury Home Sellers Slash Millions Off Asking Prices
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Teaching Children to Play With Fire
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Editorial: The Anti-Vaccine Movement Gains a Friend in the White House
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mercredi 22 février 2017
The Ugly Beauty of Lonzo Ball's Shot
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New England Is Not Done Getting Its Deflategate Revenge
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In the Face of A.L.S., Simon Fitzmaurice Finds His Fire Inside
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An Insider's Guide to Fez, Morocco
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Rock-Solid Protection for Your iPhone, iPad and MacBook
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Scaling Back: Soda Sales Fall Further in Mexico’s Second Year of Taxing Them
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Prolonged Sleep May Be Early Warning Sign of Dementia
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WATCH: 10% Happier: 'Jackie,' '20th Century Women' actor Billy Crudup
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California nurses rally for bill on first state-run single payer health plan
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WATCH: Get Oscars ready with these simple workouts
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WATCH: Get Oscars ready with these simple workouts
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WATCH: Healthy eating habits for a happy Oscars weekend
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WATCH: Healthy eating habits for a happy Oscars weekend
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The Best Way for Travelers to Get Answers From TSA
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WATCH: 10% Happier with Hannah Hart of 'My Drunk Kitchen' fame
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WATCH: Smallest patient to survive at Chicago hospital heading home
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WATCH: Smallest patient to survive at Chicago hospital heading home
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Ice & Easy: A Beginner's Guide to Ice Climbing in Switzerland
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3 Emerging Top Designers on Their Inspirations, Icons and Indulgences
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Rocker Pat Benatar Sells Maui Hideaway
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Calvin Klein Sells Miami Beach Home for $13.15 Million
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How Restaurants Keep Diners on Schedule
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Rich Little on Frank Sinatra's 'You and Me'
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Will New Yorkers Stand For Japanese Steakhouse?
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WATCH: Male models rescue teens from frozen Central Park pond
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How to Be Mindful Sitting in the Dentist Chair
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Chef Tom Colicchio on His Childhood Homes and First Restaurant Jobs
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'My Drunk Kitchen's' Hannah Hart found meditation while helping mentally ill mother
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WATCH: 'My Drunk Kitchen's' Hannah Hart on growing up with a mentally ill mother
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WATCH: Springtime, and your allergies, are coming early this year
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Men, Is Exercise Putting a Damper on Your Sex Life?
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Bad Hospital Design Is Making Us Sicker
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The Ethicist: Can Therapists Fake Their Own Online Reviews?
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mardi 21 février 2017
The Fall of the House of Leicester
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Lakers Name Magic Johnson Team President
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Are Multivitamins Right for Your Body?
People tend to make two types of mistakes when it comes to nutrition.
One of those errors is overthinking the small stuff. You agonize over questions like “how many meals should I eat?” (Answer: it doesn’t really matter so long as you’re hitting your overall daily needs.)
No matter what marketing will sell you, taking megadoses of vitamins does not bulletproof your immunity.
But then people also under-think questions. They tend to assign broad, sweeping value judgments to foods and supplements. They want to know whether whatever it is they’re taking is “good” or “bad.” Just ask Google.
The problem is that, without knowing who you are and what you are trying to do, the question is meaningless. The only honest answer is, “It depends.” And as you already know, that response always feels like the worst answer in the world. It doesn’t help you get any closer to the answer you want.
That’s especially true for multivitamins. The overall data on them is conflicted. Read one article, and you find out they’re not going to make you live longer or prevent cancer. Or maybe you’ve heard that they cause cancer, but that suggestion is also false.
The mess led the National Institutes of Health to say that “it is not possible to recommend for or against” using them.
But there’s no need to throw your hands up in frustration. If you dig into the research, you’ll find that science has a clear picture of multivitamin’s usefulness for common fitness goals like losing fat or building muscle.
In order to crack the multivitamin code, you just need to ask yourself two questions:
- Why do I want to take a multivitamin?
- What do I hope to achieve with it?
“Should I take a multivitamin?” is a question that only you can answer, but it doesn’t have to be a difficult decision. The guide below will help you gauge a multivitamin’s usefulness for your wants and needs, and help you know the options (if you choose to use a multivitamin) that are safe and effective.
Do You Need a Multivitamin? Start here.
Here’s an ironic fact: Most people use multivitamins as a nutritional insurance policy. Those who take them often follow healthier, more mineral-rich diets. When you think about it, the approach makes sense — healthier people are more likely to engage in health-ish behaviors. Unfortunately, the reverse is also true: People who eat less nutrient-rich diets are less likely to take multivitamins.
At least those that are avoiding multivitamins aren’t falling for the belief that taking a multivitamin can help offset the flaws of a terrible, junk food diet. Because they won’t. But that doesn’t mean that those with less-than-stellar diets don’t need a multivitamin.
If you want to consider taking multivitamins, you should do a quick self-assessment. That’s because certain people run a higher risk of nutrient deficiencies even with a healthy diet.
For example, women tend to have a greater risk of iron deficiency, especially when pregnant. Vegans and vegetarians are more likely to be deficient in Vitamin B12. Research indicates that most just about all of us are lacking in magnesium, zinc, and–especially–vitamin D.
When it comes to figuring out exactly what you need, your best option is to start by having a basic blood panel. Otherwise, you’re just guessing. Once you are armed with your results (and know where you are deficient), you can move on to finding answers and knowing if multivitamins are the right decision for your goals and needs.
Will a Multivitamin Help You With Fat Loss?
Let’s start with the most common goal in the health and fitness industry: fat loss. Unfortunately, multivitamins do not improve fat loss. If they did, everyone would take them—and then go skipping off for seconds at the soft-serve ice-cream machine, knowing that their six-pack abs were protected by this miracle pill.
Achieving fat loss largely comes down to being in a caloric deficit. You have to burn more calories than you consume. In the most basic sense, that means you either eat fewer calories or increase exercise and activity.
If you go the low-calorie route during a fat loss plan, you might run a greater risk of nutrient deficiencies due to you eating less or enjoying a smaller variety of foods. Now, ideally, when you’re on any plan, you’ll be eating plenty of fruits and vegetables. But reality doesn’t always follow ideal situations, so if the above scenario describes you, it might be a good idea to take a multivitamin.
That said, a word of wisdom: feeling hungry all of the time and eating only chicken and broccoli is both boring and unnecessary. Which is why we recommend you listen to the under-heard, more balanced voices in nutrition—people like Dr. Yoni Freedhoff, Alan Aragon, John Berardi and Mike Roussell. They won’t focus on restriction. They’ll tell you to eat more of the good proteins (meat/chicken/eggs/fish/plant sources), fats (oils, nuts, dairy sources, avocados, seeds), and carbohydrates (fruits, vegetables, rice, potatoes, grains) that you enjoy. You’ll probably be amazed at how much more full you feel—and how much longer that satisfaction lasts—even as you consume fewer total calories.
You know what else happens when you go with this approach? You’re more likely to meet your micronutrient needs. Making a multivitamin less necessary, or not needed at all.
The verdict: Multivitamins have no benefits for fat loss, but they could help if you’re eating less and not enough vegetables, fats, and proteins.
Multivitamins and Muscle Mass
There is no evidence to support the idea that a multivitamin helps you to gain muscle mass. When you gain muscle, it’s primarily the result of a proper strength training plan combined with a diet that supplies adequate protein and calories, and enough sleep so your body can rebuild and recover.
One supplement that has consistently demonstrated that ability to assist with muscle growth and repair is protein powder. (Creatine has a host of muscle-building benefits too, but that’s a different discussion.) But even then, there’s nothing magical about the powder; it’s the role of protein that makes the biggest difference, whether it’s a supplement, meat, chicken, fish, eggs, or plant-based sources.
The verdict: If your goal is to add mass, your first priority should be to eat enough high-quality food to help you build it. Any muscle-building benefits claimed by a multivitamin are as of yet unproven.
Multivitamins, Energy, and Cognitive Function
Interestingly enough, Northumbria University in the UK conducted two studies—one of 216 females aged 25-50 years old, the other of 198 males aged 30-55 years old—and found that in both groups a multivitamin improved cognitive function, lowered fatigue, and improved subjects’ ability to multitask. The participants who took a multivitamin did better compared to the placebo group.
These two studies, on their own, are not reason enough to conclude that a multivitamin is your fix for mental fog or will stop you from nodding off at your desk at 3 p.m. It’s worth noting that the studies didn’t discuss a host of variables that could have a significant impact on the results, such as sleep, nutrition, or exercise habits of their participants. However, both studies were randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blind, which is a fancy way of saying that they deserve attention and more research.
The verdict: If you’re looking for a low-risk, potentially effective way to beat fatigue and increase your energy, multivitamins are a good option to try.
Will Multivitamins Help Prevent Sickness?
The performance of your immune system depends on a variety of complex factors. One of those is your micronutrient levels, which help create a defense system for your body. Specifically, vitamins A, C and E work along with zinc to help the skin barrier function, while vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D and E work along with a host of other trace elements to support the immune cells.
Nutrient deficiencies suppress your immunity. So for that reason, a multivitamin could be helpful. But then again, so could a smoothie that loaded with the above vitamins (here’s an easy-to-make one that we like that supports immune function).
It’s important to note that while nutrient deficiencies can hamper your immune function, the reverse is not true. Taking megadoses of vitamins does not improve your immunity. So you can put down the Airborne and slowly back away.
While most multivitamins contain the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for vitamins and minerals, RDA is what’s required strictly to achieve the bare minimum level of health. In essence, RDA gives you what you need to survive, not necessarily to thrive and live optimally. It’s tough to say whether your specific multivitamin contains the right doses needed to bring your levels to an optimal range.
Even if its label says it hits all the RDAs, some multivitamins aren’t so beneficial as advertised because they use less-than-optimal components. A common example of this would be vitamin D2, which is less biologically active in the body than vitamin D3, and therefore less effective at boosting vitamin D levels. Similarly, studies show that magnesium citrate has superior bioavailability when compared with other forms of magnesium, but those other forms often end up in people’s daily multis.
The verdict: Similar to fat loss, be honest about your diet. If you’re not eating enough of the foods that are high in nutrient content, then it might be worth your while to boost your defenses by taking a multivitamin. Or, the easiest way to measure your deficiencies (as we mentioned in the beginning), is to take a blood test. Then, you can decide if you want to supplement your needs with whole foods or a multivitamin.
Men’s Multivitamin vs. Women’s: Is there a difference?
A common theme you’ll see from popular brands is age- or gender-specific multivitamins. There’s something to this idea. Men and women do have different nutritional needs, and those needs do change as you age.
For example, women who are menstruating have a higher need for iron than men due to the blood lost during menstruation. After menopause, women no longer need that higher iron intake. At that point, their iron needs equal those of men. But menopause brings about another change, this one to a woman’s need for calcium. Estrogen plays a role in calcium reabsorption and bone turnover, so with the decreased estrogen production that stems from menopause, a woman’s need for calcium increases.
The verdict: The idea that your multivitamin formulation should change over time has some merit. You’ll just want to subject any claims on the label to the same type of scrutiny you’d give any other supplement. The same facts still apply: The vitamin won’t cure cancer or add years to your life. It may provide more of the nutrition you need.
Buyer’s Guide: Not All Multivitamins are Created Equal
Because multivitamins are categorized as supplements and FDA regulation of supplements is extremely hands-off, the quality can vary and it’s easy to purchase a product that might be less effective.
You can’t take the claims on a multivitamin’s label at face value because they aren’t managed by a governing body that holds them to a standard. There are, however, certain seals of approval from non-government organizations that can tell you if the supplement has passed their tests for quality, potency, and contaminants.
These seals of approval show that the supplement was manufactured properly and actually contains the ingredients listed on the label. (Which is important when you consider that false labeling is rampant in the supplement space.) They also test for the presence of harmful contaminants. Here are two that offer you a reasonable assurance that what’s inside the bottle matches what’s on its label:
U.S. Pharmacopeia – USP tests a supplement for four P’s: Positive Identity, Potency, Purity, and Performance. Positive Identity means the vitamins and minerals on the label are actually present in the supplement. Potency means those micronutrients are present in the proper amounts listed on the label. Many supplements on the market will have too much, too little, or none of some of the listed ingredients. Purity means the supplement does not contain unwanted ingredients, which could include heavy metals, pesticides, and even banned substances or pharmaceuticals. Lastly, Performance means the supplement will actually break down and be absorbed by your body. After all, if a supplement doesn’t dissolve in your digestive system, it won’t be of a lot of benefit to you.
NSF – NSF is an international health and safety organization that monitors many different types of products including kitchen appliances, water filtration systems, and even plumbing fixtures. When it comes to supplements, the NSF “Certified for Sport” label is especially useful for athletes. Any product bearing that label has been tested for banned substances and verified as safe.
Ideally, the multivitamin you buy would have both of these seals on its label. If it does, and the dosages listed meet at least the RDAs, it shows that multivitamin is more likely to be higher in quality than average. But you also should check the vitamin manufacturer’s website. There you should find more information on the production and testing process the company uses to ensure quality. (And if you don’t, there’s a warning sign for you.)
Another way to check a product’s quality is to visit Labdoor. Labdoor is unique in that they buy supplements directly from retail stores then test them in an FDA-registered lab. Those supplements are then ranked by category based on how well they perform. While Labdoor hasn’t tested every product on the market (and some other ratings — like taste — are more subjective), you can find a breakdown of every multivitamin they’ve tested to date.
Are More Expensive Multivitamins Better?
While the saying, “you get what you pay for” is oftentimes true, that’s not always true with multivitamins. In fact, some of the less expensive options are quite good.
Full disclosure: Born Fitness does not have any financial agreements in place with any of these brands. We’re including them solely based on what we know about them through their reputation, reviews, and other available information.
Thorne Research is a well-respected company in supplement space. They’re known for having extremely high standards for purity and precision. Thorne offers a wide array of NSF Certified for Sport supplements, and has partnered with the Mayo Clinic to run randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies investigating the effects of a variety of nutritional supplements. When it comes to multivitamins, all of Thorne’s offerings contain adequate amounts of the necessary micronutrients, including both vitamin D and K. They also offer several options tailored to those who have specific needs. For example, some of their formulations have copper, iron, or iodine removed for individuals who are sensitive to those nutrients. Thorne multivitamins range from $26.99 for 60 capsules to $44.85 for 180 capsules.
Garden Of Life also provides high-quality multivitamins, according to their test performance on Labdoor. Three of the top five ranked supplements on Labdoor are from Garden of Life. The brand’s multivitamins are USP certified. Garden of Life’s products cover a wide range of needs including specific offerings for men, women, and prenatal. Garden of Life multivitamins range from $34.54 for 120 capsules to $60.52 for 240 capsules.
Nature’s Way is a brand you’ve likely seen in your grocery store. Their Alive Max Daily ranks among the top 5 multivitamins on Labdoor. While you don’t see it on the bottle, they are an NSF certified company. The Alive Max Daily multivitamins cost $22.49 for 180 tablets. One thing to note is that The Alive Max Daily multivitamin contains large doses—ones that far exceed the RDA—of every nutrient it contains. You can take less than the recommended three-tablet dose if that is a concern.
Costco’s Kirkland Signature. If you’re on a tight budget, you’ll be thrilled to hear that Costco’s multivitamin performs really well in tests. The Kirkland Daily Multi is USP certified and ranks in the top 50 multivitamins on Labdoor. There’s nothing fancy about Costco’s multi—especially not the label—but it provides all the essential nutrients in an easily digestible form, and is extremely cost effective at $14.49 for 500 tablets.
To Take Multivitamins or Not to Take Multivitamins…
If you do decide to take a multivitamin, first be honest with yourself about your expectations. Research does not support the notion that any large-scale physical changes will result from a multivitamin alone.
From there, assess your needs. Bloodwork is the most thorough option. Age- or gender-specific vitamin formulations may be helpful.
For any multivitamin you consider, do your homework. Check the label. Look for seals from USP and NSF. Visit the manufacturer’s website, and see how the product scored on Labdoor.
Of course, you should also consult with your physician.
Whether or not you take a multivitamin, you still need to eat high-quality foods, exercise appropriately, and manage your sleep and stress. These are truly the low-hanging fruit when it comes to disease prevention and living a vibrant, healthy life.
Follow those rules, and you may find that you don’t need a multivitamin at all.
The post Are Multivitamins Right for Your Body? appeared first on Born Fitness.
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lundi 13 février 2017
Rise of the (Weight) Machines: Why Exercise Equipment is Not As Bad You’ve Been Told
The weight room is filled with bastardized equipment — but it’s time for the shunned machines and exercises to make a comeback. Like an Exacto knife tossed in the garbage because it couldn’t cut down a tree as well as a chainsaw, weight machines like the leg press and pec dec have been hammered by the media for their inability to do things they were never designed to do in the first place.
“They’re not as good as deadlifts or presses,” the articles say. But those stories fail to consider the question: Good at what?
Look, no great strength coach will argue the fact that the big, compound, multi-joint lifts are the foundation of any complete strength-building program. Deadlifts, squats and military presses are the undisputed kings of working a wide array of musculature at once, improving kinesthetic awareness, and burning calories like a blowtorch.
But the rest of the equipment you’ll find at the gym serve a different purpose. Weight machines excel at much of the precision work that barbells and dumbbells can miss. And if you avoid all of them, there’s a good chance you’re ignoring equipment that could help you see the results you want.
Why “Stay Away From All Weight Machines” is Bad Advice
“I must admit I used to be the snobby ‘free weights are king and you’re an idiot if you use machines’ guy back in the day,” says Tony Gentilcore, C.S.C.S. owner of CORE, a small-group training facility in Boston. “However I’d be remiss not to offer plenty of anecdotal evidence of pretty freaky athletes who use machines on a daily basis in their training. And on the aesthetic side of things, every elite bodybuilder in history has utilized machines as part of his or her training.”
You don’t have to go only on anecdotal evidence, though. A review in the Strength and Conditioning Journal concluded that, when added to a comprehensive strength program that includes multi-joint lifts, isolation exercises such as those performed with weight machines can increase strength and improve sports performance beyond what could be achieved through compound movements alone.
Why might isolating a muscle be helpful? First of all, it teaches lifters how to properly activate and “feel” a muscle—a skill that’s essential to getting the most out of exercise, whether you’re performing other single-joint, machine-based movements or compound, free-weight lifts, explains Nick Clayton, M.S., C.S.C.S, C.P.T., personal training program manager for the National Strength and Conditioning Association.
Another great use is for overcoming (or just trying to prevent) injuries. “You can work around injuries with machines because they can isolate some muscle groups more completely than can free weights,” says Michael Israetel, Ph.D., assistant professor of instruction in kinesiology at Temple University in Philadelphia.
For example, if you have a shoulder injury, pullups might be out of the question. But machine rows and bicep curls? You can probably still do those. The same thinking applies when you want to strengthen specific trouble spots like the glutes. When your glutes are weaker than your quads—a common issue—it can contribute to IT band and other knee issues.
Weight machines can also help you put on serious size. “When it comes to mechanical tension—one of the main triggers of muscular growth—it can be argued that machines are superior,” Gentilcore says.
Again the reason is isolation. Only the muscle you want to build is going to handle, and thereby adapt to, the load. And since you no longer have to be concerned with stability, you are able to lift more weight, creating more tension and contributing to an increase in size. In one Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research study of trained males, lifters’ 1RMs (the most weight they could possibly move for one rep) were significantly heavier when using machines as opposed to free weights.
Being able to isolate a muscle is especially helpful when you are trying to work that muscle to failure. For example, if you were performing squats, your back might cry “uncle” before your glutes are ready to call it quits. By doing isolation work on your glutes before or after you head to the squat rack, you can make sure you leave the gym with your glutes completely tapped.
Clayton adds that machines are great when you want to do drop sets (or “strip sets” as Arnold calls them), which require you to perform reps until failure, rest, go down in weight, and work until failure again, repeating that pattern for multiple sets. Drop sets are awesome for promoting strength and muscle gains but can easily result in poor form when performed with free weights.
Interested in bringing machine work into your lifting routine, but not sure where to start? Here’s your guide to getting the most from your gym’s most-underused weight machines.
The Exercise Machine: Leg Extension
What it’s good for: Isolating the quadriceps, the four big muscles on the front side of your thighs.
Who should use it: Bodybuilders trying to put size on their upper legs, or for accessory work after your “big” lifts (like squats and deadlifts).
Form pointers: Before you start, adjust the machine so that your knees are in line with the machine’s axis. Perform extensions in one of two ways: 1) using a light weight while moving at a slow speed, or 2) using a heavy weight at a fast speed. Research from the University of Illinois shows that knee injuries on this machine are more apt to occur when you perform this move at medium speeds with moderate weights. If you do all of that and still feel the exercise in your knee joint, not just the musculature surrounding it, then stop, advises Minnesota-based exercise physiologist Mike T. Nelson, Ph.D., C.S.C.S.
Work it into your workout: Perform sets of leg extensions following your squat set to work the quads to their full potential, Clayton suggests.
The Exercise Machine: Leg Press
What it’s good for: Training your legs without recruiting your back or requiring a lot of stability.
Who should use it: Bodybuilders or anyone trying to work their legs at a high volume, Israetel says. The move also can be beneficial for anyone with back or knee injuries who have trouble with squats.
Form pointers: Use a variety of widths and foot stances (narrow, wide, staggered) to mix up the muscles recruited, Gentilcore recommends.
Work it into your workout: “For most people, doing leg presses after squats is the best idea so that you can still benefit from heavy squats and get enough volume,” Israetel says.
The Exercise Machine: Leg Curl
What it’s good for: Working a section of the hamstrings that is not heavily recruited in free-weight exercises like squats and deadlifts.
Who should use it: Lifters who want to build strength or size in the hamstrings, or athletes out to improve their explosive lower-body power.
Form pointers: The focus should be on moving quickly through the concentric phase (where you “squeeze” or contract the muscle) and slowly through the eccentric or lengthening phase, says San Diego-based exercise physiologist Pete McCall, M.S., C.S.C.S. “It’s tough, but effective.”
Work it into your workout: “Do Romanian deadlifts then hop right to the leg curl to work the hamstrings to fatigue and promote growth and definition,” McCall says.
The Exercise Machine: Calf Raise
What it’s good for: Working your calves with more weight than you can with free weights. While grip strength tends to limit the load you can use with free-weight calf raises, that doesn’t factor in here.
Who should use it: Everyone, since most people likely aren’t doing anything to hit the calves. The exercise is also useful for combatting plantar fasciitis.
Form pointers: Do not bounce. Make sure to lower the weight under control.
Work it into your workout: Perform both seated and standing variations to fully work both the gastrocnemius and soleus, the two muscles that make up the calves.
The Exercise Machine: Cable Chest Press
What it’s good for: Increasing strength near the top of the movement, where the tension is lower when you use free weights, according to Nelson.
Who should use it: Anyone who wants to strengthen their chest through a full range of motion—a valuable trait for anyone whose sport requires pushing, such as blocking in football.
Form pointers: To really tap out your chest, perform this move seated. In the standing variation of this exercise, the limiting factor is the muscles of the torso, not the chest, according to research out of the Institute of Human Performance.
Work it into your workout: Perform it in tandem with free weight bench presses for maximal benefits. You can schedule both lifts on the same or different days.
The Exercise Machine: Pec Dec
What it’s good for: One of the main actions of the pecs is humeral adduction, or bringing the upper arm in toward the chest. That’s a movement pattern that’s minimally involved in bench presses, especially barbell ones, Gentilcore says.
Who should use it: “Anyone who wants to cut diamonds with their pecs,” Gentilcore says.
Form pointers: Perform a hard squeeze with your chest at the end of each rep for maximal contraction.
Work it into your workout: “A sneaky trick is to superset these with bench press,” Gentilcore says. “So, perform a heavy-ish set of three to five reps of the bench press then follow with a set of 10 to 15 pec dec flies.”
The Exercise Machine: Tricep Rope Pressdown
What it’s good for: “I like these because I’m able to really squeeze the triceps at the bottom of each rep and feel the muscle fire,” Gentilcore says.
Who should use it: “Everyone, because they’re (the machine) the shit,” he says.
Form pointers: Start the exercise at the top with a slight isometric contraction, perform the movement at a controlled pace, and then squeeze as hard as you can at the bottom, he says. As you return to the top, hold the contraction, making sure not to relax the triceps.
Work it into your workout: Perform these at the end of an upper-body day for a nice triceps pump.
The Exercise Machine: Assisted Pullup
What it’s good for: Working the back, shoulders, and biceps through a compound movement (the pullup) when you can’t perform the prescribed number of reps with your full body weight.
Who should use it: People trying to build up to their first full pullup, or those wanting to perform a higher volume through increased reps, Israetel says.
Form pointers: Make sure that your torso forms a straight line. Your knees or feet (depending on equipment model) should not be in front of your hands.
Work it into your workout: Integrate into an upper body or pulling day to work up to the unassisted variation.
The Exercise Machine: Seated Cable Row
What it’s good for: Developing the lats (and improving shoulder function) without placing as much stress on the spine as in bent-over rows with free weights, Gentilcore says. You can also move heavier loads through this seated variation to really up strength and size gains.
Who should use it: “This is one of my favorite back exercises bar none—free weights or not,” he says. “Everyone should use it.”
Form pointers: “The key here is to use a full range of motion,” Gentilcore says. “Many trainees make the mistake of retracting or squeezing their shoulder blades together on these on the concentric action, which is fine, but on the eccentric straightening out the arms, they keep the shoulder blades ‘glued’ together. I don’t like this for many reasons, but the main one is that it can lead to faulty scapular mechanics. I like to cue people to think about the shoulder blades moving around the rib cage during rowing movements. To that end, with the seated cable row, you can really emphasize a nice stretch at the end of each repetition which is a great mechanism of muscle growth.”
Work it into your workout: “Use as an accessory movement on deadlift day to really fry the upper back,” he says.
The Exercise Machine: Seated Ab Crunch
What it’s good for: It can hit your rectus abdominis (a.k.a the “six pack” muscle) with heavy resistance like few bodyweight movements can, Israetel says.
Who should use it: Anyone with a healthy lower back who’s looking to develop a chiseled core.
Form pointers: “Use heavy weights for six to 12 reps per set with a full range of motion,” Israetel says. “Don’t do super-high reps here.”
Work it into your workout: “Alternate it every couple of mesocycles [anywhere from a few weeks to months] with other moves that you already do for abs,” he says.
The Exercise Machine: Pallof Press
What it’s good for: Improving stability throughout the entire core.
Who should use it: Anyone who wants a stronger core, or is bored of planks and looking for variety.
Form pointers: “Use a narrow base of support with your feet under your hips, no wider,” says John Pallof, the Boston-based physical therapist credited with inventing the exercise. “You want your muscles stabilizing, not your base of support.” He adds that your hands should be held at about chest height. Set the resistance cable so that it forms as straight of a line as possible with your hands.
“Be sure to straighten your arms fully and pause for two to three seconds at end of each rep,” Gentilcore adds.
Work it into your workout: Perform at the beginning of your workout as part of an extended warm up to help “prime” the nervous system. “Plus, performing these in a less fatigued state makes them more effective for some people, particularly those coming off injury who need to focus on more quality reps,” Gentilcore says.
If you are using the move as part of your rehab process, Pallof advises that you use only light to moderate resistance because the core muscles that this move targets are “low-threshold muscles,” meaning a little bit of work stimulates them but with too much your body will compensate by drawing in other, bigger muscles.
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