White House Panel Recommends Declaring National Emergency on Opioids

President Trump’s commission to assess the epidemic wrote to him that a declaration would allow the federal government to “take bold steps.”

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Find Compassion for Difficult People

New research shows people can avoid the anxiety of interacting with a challenging person by adjusting thoughts about him or her before an encounter.

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Patients Take Big Risks When Stopping Statins

One in five patients taking the cholesterol drugs report muscle aches, new research shows. Many doctors warn the benefits outweigh the discomfort from side-effects.

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Dodgers, Yankees Make Big Moves for Pitching

The Los Angeles Dodgers acquired pitcher Yu Darvish from the Texas Rangers, while the New York Yankees traded for Oakland A’s pitcher Sonny Gray.

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The Male Animal: Losing the Fight Against ‘Dad Bod’

Meet the men who seem unable to win the battle against those extra five to 15 pounds.

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How to Survive a Rip Current: First, Don’t Fight It

Two swimmers drowned in New York and New Jersey on Sunday after they were caught in rip currents, the phenomenon behind most rescues by beach lifeguards.

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The Latest: Shkreli jury ends day 1 of deliberations

Jurors in New York have finished their first day of deliberations in the federal securities fraud trial of former pharmaceutical CEO Martin Shkreli without reaching a verdict

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Trump drug commission calls for emergency declaration

President Donald Trump's drug commission is calling on him to declare a national emergency to deal with the country's opioid epidemic

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A Dangerous, ‘Silent Reservoir’ for Gonorrhea: The Throat

Oral gonorrhea is hard to detect and treat. And with drug-resistant strains of the bacteria on the rise, experts are concerned about so-called super gonorrhea.

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Global Health: Only Six Nations Have Evaluated Readiness for Global Pandemic

A World Bank-sponsored study found that wealth countries Finland, Saudi Arabia and the United States and poor nations Eritrea, Pakistan and Tanzania had gone through assessments.

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Steve Bartman, Infamous Cubs Fan, Gets World Series Ring

The team granted Bartman a ring, leading him to say he hoped the gesture leads to “healing and reconciliation”

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Los Angeles Reaches Deal to Host 2028 Olympics

Officials in Los Angeles and leaders of the International Olympic Committee have reached a deal to bring the Summer Games to Southern California in 2028.

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Roger Goodell Says Culture on Head Injuries Has Changed

NFL commissioner Roger Goodell says the culture around head injuries in football has changed. His comments came in response to a recent study that showed the effects of head trauma on former football players.

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The Latest: Health ideas proliferate, but prospects iffy

Republican, Democratic and even bipartisan plans for reshaping parts of the Obama health care law are proliferating in Congress

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A Conversation With: Dr. Raj Panjabi Goes the Last Mile in Liberia

A charity dispatches community health workers to the most remote communities in Africa — beyond “the last mile” of the organized health care system.

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'Motivated' podcast: 'Not all carbs are evil'

Here's what you need to know about balancing carbs and a healthy lifestyle.

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How a One-Time Washout Explains the Modern NBA

The Rockets signing P.J. Tucker—yes, P.J. Tucker—was the most revealing move of the league’s crazy summer

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Trilobites: Lovers Share Colonies of Skin Microbes, Study Finds

Couples who live together come to share similar communities of bodily bacteria — especially on the feet.

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Take a Number: Caregivers Are Too Slow to Reach for EpiPens, Study Finds

Just 36 percent of children having strong allergic reactions receive epinephrine before arriving at the emergency room, suggesting more education is needed.

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WATCH: 'Motivated' podcast: 'Not all carbs are evil'

Carbs often get a bad reputation. Here's what endocrinologist Dr. Rekha Kumar and nutritionist Maya Feller want you to know about balancing carbs and a healthy lifestyle.

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WATCH: 'Motivated' podcast: 'Not all carbs are evil'

Carbs often get a bad reputation. Here's what endocrinologist Dr. Rekha Kumar and nutritionist Maya Feller want you to know about balancing carbs and a healthy lifestyle.

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US hospitals set record for fast heart attack care

US hospitals have set a record for how quickly they open blocked arteries, averaging under one hour for the first time since these results have been tracked.

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Judge nixes Alabama law putting pregnant girls through trial

A federal judge has struck down an Alabama abortion law that put minors seeking court permission for an abortion through a trial-like proceeding where the fetus could be presented by a court-appointed lawyer

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A Vietnamese Island Group Unspoiled by Tourism

An archipelago off Vietnam’s coast is home to a five-star beach resort—and a haunting past.

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Newport Beach, Calif., Property Sells for $55 Million

The 3.5-acre property with two homes on it was for decades owned by the prominent Irvine family.

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WATCH: New book explores breakthrough medical stories

The author of "The Other Side of Impossible" opens up about how she refused to give up in the face of her son's daunting medical challenges, and looked outside the box for treatments.

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The New Health Care: When Children Lose Siblings, They Face an Increased Risk of Death

The data show a need for closer monitoring and more support after a child’s death.

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Personal Health: No Crying Over Dry Eyes

Evolving knowledge of the nature of tears helps experts understand and treat dry eye disease.

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The Checkup: Binge Drinking Drops Among Teenagers

Frequent binges are declining, but not as rapidly among black adolescents, lower-income groups and girls.

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This Guy Walks Faster Than You Run

Competitive race walker Richard Luettchau II has heard all the jokes. They usually stop once people see him go.

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Could Football Ever End?

A new concussion study provokes more existential worry in the NFL—and, reportedly, an early retirement.

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American Cycling's New Oath

Oath CEO Tim Armstrong on why his company joined up with American cycling outfit Cannondale-Drapac.

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Child advocates urge back-seat alarms as 2 die in Arizona

A proposed new law that would require carmakers to build alarms for back seats is being pushed by child advocates who say it will prevent kids from dying in hot cars and also streamline the criminal process against caregivers who cause the deaths

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A New Way for Therapists to Get Inside Heads: Virtual Reality

Limbix, a start-up using Google headsets, helps psychologists expose patients to their anxieties in the safety of an office.

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WATCH: How to get your kids back on their school-year sleep schedule

Dr. Jennifer Ashton gives tips on adjusting kids' summer sleep schedules in preparation for the school year.

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WATCH: Doctor in labor delivers patient's baby at Kentucky hospital

Dr. Amanda Hess was at the hospital to have her own labor induced but got out of her bed to help deliver another patient's baby.

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The Dodgers Are on a Roll but Fans Remain in the Dark Amid Cable-TV Dispute

A majority of fans in the Los Angeles area can’t watch Dodgers games on television due to a cable-TV contract feud that has lasted for nearly four seasons.

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WATCH: Urgent warning for parents regarding antihistamines

New reports say giving children antihistamines to help them fall asleep can cause illness and even death from overdoses.

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News Analysis: Consensus Is Health Law Can Be Fixed. Now the Hard Part.

Stabilizing the market, lowering drug prices and expanding access to coverage would go a long way to easing millions of Americans’ concerns.

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Behind Legislative Collapse: An Angry Vow Fizzles for Lack of a Viable Plan

Voter anger turned Republicans against the Affordable Care Act, but amid the promises of repeal, the party never offered a viable alternative.

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Trump threat: End health payments unless there's an overhaul

President Donald Trump is threatening once more to end required payments to insurance companies unless lawmakers repeal and replace the existing health law

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An Exclusive Tour of Angela Missoni's Sardinian Vacation House

The designer’s home in Sardinia is part of a sprawling family compound where the celebrated fashion clan gathers to relax, cook, garden and display its famously colorful taste.

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Obama's health care law still needs some patchwork

The health care law of the land has survived for now, but it needs help - and soon. Soaring prices and fewer choices may greet customers when they return to the Affordable Care Act's insurance marketplaces this fall

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GOP fears political fallout after health care 'epic fail'

Weary Republicans in Washington may be ready to move on from health care, but conservatives are warning the GOP-led Congress not to abandon its pledge to repeal the Obama-era health law _ or risk a political nightmare in next year's elections

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Turkmenistan bans cars for a day to promote bikes, health

The Central Asian country of Turkmenistan has banned most locals in its major cities from using their cars for a day in a bid to promote cycling and healthy lifestyles

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Chicago giving departing inmates overdose-reversing drug

Cook County Jail in Chicago has joined the ranks of such facilities are teaching inmates what to do when they see someone overdosing on opioids and then when they release them from custody handing them kits containing the overdose-reversing drug naloxone

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'Time to move on' from health care, Senate GOP leader says

This week's setbacks for Republicans on health care have highlighted the inability of party leaders to resolve internal battles

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A Doctor Gives Gwyneth Paltrow’s Goop a Pelvic Exam

Dr. Jen Gunter was already skeptical of “snake oil” products meant to improve women’s sex lives. Now she is a detractor of the movie star’s website.

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The Latest: Trump says 'let Obamacare implode'

President Donald Trump says Congress should have approved legislation to repeal the Obama-era health law. But he says "you can't have everything."

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The Latest: Trump says 'let Obamacare implode'

President Donald Trump says Congress should have approved legislation to repeal the Obama-era health law. But he says "you can't have everything."

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F.D.A. Delays Rules That Would Have Limited E-Cigarettes on Market

The agency opened the door to endorsing ‘vaping’ as a means to getting tobacco smokers to quit.

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Judge cancels order to reduce sentences for birth control

Tennessee judge rescinds sterilization for jail time program

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Scaramucci Did Not Invent the Word ‘Paranoiac’

As the word makes its way into all kinds of peculiar sentences, it seems worth clearing up one matter: Anthony Scaramucci should not be blamed or credited with inventing it. It is a real word, with a complex history.

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AP FACT CHECK: Trump's health care timeline is off

AP FACT CHECK: President Donald Trump says his plan on health care all along has been to let Obamacare fail, then replace it. Not so

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AP FACT CHECK: Trump's health care timeline is off

AP FACT CHECK: President Donald Trump says his plan on health care all along has been to let Obamacare fail, then replace it. Not so

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Pope Francis tweets prayers for parents of Charlie Gard, the baby who died of a rare disease

Pope Francis tweets prayers for parents of Charlie Gard, the baby who died of a rare disease

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The Latest: US VP Pence offers condolences for Charlie Gard

America's vice president has expressed his sadness for the death of Charlie Gard, the 11-month-old British baby whose fight to seek medical treatment in the United States sparked an international uproar and long legal battle

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Charlie Gard Dies, Leaving Legacy of Thorny Ethics Questions

The plight of the incurably ill British infant, who was just shy of one year old, led to a protracted and emotional legal battle.

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FDA to target addictive levels of nicotine in cigarettes

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration wants to lower nicotine levels in cigarettes so they aren't so addictive

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Family spokeswoman: British baby Charlie Gard has died

Charlie Gard, the critically ill British baby at the center of a legal battle that attracted the attention of Pope Francis and U.S. President Donald Trump, has died

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British media are reporting that 11-month-old Charlie Gard, focus of a legal health battle, has died

British media are reporting that 11-month-old Charlie Gard, focus of a legal health battle, has died

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Higher prices, fewer options lurk after health bill collapse

Soaring prices and fewer choices may greet customers when they return to the Affordable Care Act's insurance marketplaces this fall because insurers still don't know whether they will receive critical payments from the federal government

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Republicans Try to Regroup After Health Care Failure; Democrats Exult

After loss, Democratic leaders urge Republicans to negotiate with them to repair the Affordable Care Act.

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New Jersey Accepts Rights for People in Quarantine to End Ebola Suit

Settling a suit by Kaci Hickox, a nurse who fought Ebola in Africa, the state agreed to what her lawyer called a bill of rights for people isolated for health reasons.

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Making Last-Minute Travel Plans for the Solar Eclipse? Read This First

Expert stargazers offer travel tips on how best to see next month’s solar eclipse.

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WATCH: Your cellphone may be causing you anxiety, experts warn

A new "GMA" parenting alert looks into how much anxiety using your phone may be causing you, or your children.

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Italy approves hotly contested vaccine program

Italy's parliament has given final approval to a new program making a slate of childhood vaccinations mandatory for school children up to age 16

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Ask Well: How Much Protein Do We Need?

Most Americans are eating far more protein than they actually need.

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The Latest: Pelosi applauds GOP's defeat on health care

House Democratic Leader Pelosi applauds defeat of the Republican 'skinny repeal' of former President Back Obama's health care law

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5 Takeaways From the Failed Senate Effort to Repeal Obamacare

Here are some key lessons from the vote early Friday that seemingly brought an end to Republicans’ seven-year dream of dismantling Obamacare.

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GOP dealt stiff blow in Senate's bid to repeal 'Obamacare'

The Senate has rejected a measure to repeal parts of former President Barack Obama's health care law

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Trump tweets '3 Republicans and 48 Democrats let the American people down' on health care

Trump tweets '3 Republicans and 48 Democrats let the American people down' on health care

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GOP dealt stiff blow in Senate's bid to repeal 'Obamacare'

Senate rejects measure to repeal parts of Obama health law, dealing serious blow to GOP agenda

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The Latest: Health care amendment defeated in Senate vote

The Senate has rejected a measure to repeal parts of former President Barack Obama's health law, dealing a serious blow to President Donald Trump and the GOP agenda

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Senate rejects measure to repeal parts of Obama health law, dealing serious blow to GOP and Trump's agenda

Senate rejects measure to repeal parts of Obama health law, dealing serious blow to GOP and Trump's agenda

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Republican Senators McCain, Murkowski and Collins vote against key health care amendment

Republican Senators McCain, Murkowski and Collins vote against key health care amendment

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New Zealand warns against synthetic marijuana after 9 deaths

New Zealand officials are urging people to stop smoking synthetic marijuana after nine people have died this month in the city of Auckland after using the drug.

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In US First, Scientists Edit Genes of Human Embryos

For the first time in the United States, scientists have edited the genes of human embryos, a controversial step toward someday helping babies avoid inherited diseases.

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New Jersey agrees to new quarantine rules to end Ebola suit

New Jersey has agreed to put in place new rules regarding quarantines after a nurse who was quarantined in 2014 after working in Sierra Leone during the deadly Ebola outbreak filed a lawsuit against the state

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In July, Pitchers Have Barely Been Able to Get Jose Altuve Out

Since 1913, there have only been seven instances of a player going through a calendar month with at least 100 plate appearances and a .500 batting average. Jose Altuve could join that exclusive club with a few more good games.

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WATCH: Senate Republicans determined to pass 'skinny repeal'

The "skinny repeal," more of a placeholder than a comprehensive plan, would strip away the mandate that Americans have to buy insurance.

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Whooping Cough Cases Double in Indiana in a Year, Prompting a Call to Vaccinate

There were 136 confirmed cases of whooping cough in the state in the first half of 2017, compared with 66 in the first half of 2016, but an expert was not alarmed.

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Dr. Herbert Needleman, Who Saw Lead’s Wider Harm to Children, Dies at 89

Dr. Needleman studied lost baby teeth to show that any level of absorbed lead can damage young brains.

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SNL's Aidy Bryant and Vanessa Bayer Celebrate Their Favorite Jewelry Brand

The comediennes joined model-turned-cookbook author Elettra Wiedemann for a steamy summer-evening bash at Lulu Frost’s new downtown Manhattan store.

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Charcoal: The New Beauty Advantage

Charcoal is the beauty industry’s ingredient du jour—used to cleanse and detoxify in everything from scrubs to toothpaste. But is it a gimmick or a godsend?

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‘I Am Totally Burned Out’: Patients Watch Health Care Debate With Dread

The war in Congress over repealing and replacing the Affordable Care Act has brought anxiety to the people whose health insurance is at risk.

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Overweight at 17? Your Colon Cancer Risk Rises

Teens who were overweight were at significantly increased risk for developing colon cancer as adults.

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WATCH: Fallout continues from Trump's trans service member ban

"The View" co-hosts discuss arguments for and against the ban.

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2018 VW Atlas SUV: A German Vision of America's Dream Car

Volkswagen’s spacious, three-row Atlas SUV is meticulously tuned to cater to Americans’ taste.

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Terminally ill Maryland woman now home from Alaska hospital

A terminally ill woman has arrived home in Maryland after she'd been unable to leave an Alaska hospital following a respiratory crisis she suffered on a cruise ship

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Snowboarder Shaun White on Trading Hoodies for Grown-Up Style

Outshining his T-shirt-clad rivals, Olympic snowboarder Shaun White isn’t afraid to wear a suit—with Vans or without. Here, his tips.

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Hanging Nude Paintings in Your Home: So Out, They're In

The decades-long trend for minimalist décor made nude art seem dated. But things have changed. Welcome to the bare market.

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Bluetooth Earbuds That Are Tangle-Proof and Hard to Lose

They may look bulky, but neckband earbuds are surprisingly comfortable and won’t tie you up in knots. A review of the BeatsX, Klipsch X12, Sennheiser HD1 In-Ear Wireless and V-Moda Forza Metallo Wireless.

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E-cigarettes may help smokers quit after all

A new study suggest the devices may help smokers stub out the habit.

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E-cigarettes may help smokers quit after all

A new study suggest the devices may help smokers stub out the habit.

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Have You Tried This Season's 'It' Vegetables?

Is kohlrabi the next kale? As chefs, farmers and wholesalers plot emerging produce trends, here’s a glimpse into the making of an ‘It’ vegetable. Plus, recipes for the must-haves of the moment.

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This is 40, Tom Brady!

Tom Brady is turning 40, and sports still doesn’t know how to handle it, writes Jason Gay.

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Good News on Headphones and Hearing Loss

A reassuring new study found that hearing impairment rates among teens have dropped since an alarming spike in hearing loss was reported a decade ago.

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What Luxury Home Builders Consider Worth the Splurge

In their own homes, construction-company bosses will spend money on the best materials and perks like seven ovens and a dog-grooming room. But some eschew complex home-automation systems.

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A Swiss Gallerist on Finding His Furniture Favorites

Gallery owner Stefan von Bartha and the Basel penthouse that holds his personal collection

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Summer Books for your Inner Nerd

A coffee-table book of miniature worlds made mostly of food, harrowing tales of search-and-rescue crews and a biography of an intrepid scientist seeking aliens.

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California woman sentenced for $1M Jazzercise embezzlement

A Southern California woman who embezzled about $1 million from the Jazzercise company has been sentenced to more than seven-and-a-half years in prison

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The 5 Most Stylish Digital Alarm Clocks

Thoughtfully designed digital alarm clocks can be devilishly hard to find. Luckily, we did it for you.

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Arrange Flowers Like a Pro---Starting With an Unlikely Inspiration

Floral designer Lindsey Taylor captures the tranquility—and simmering unease—in a painting by early-20th-century expressionist Richard Gerstle, known as ‘Austria’s van Gogh’.

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Hamptons Estate of Venture Capitalist Asks $23.45 Million

The Quiogue property, which belonged to late venture capitalist and art collector Jerome L. Stern, includes a private art museum.

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Charlie Gard Set to Die in a Hospice After Parents Accept He Can’t Go Home

There was still no decision on the timing and circumstances of the chronically ill infant’s being taken off life support.

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A Breakdown of 5 Top Co-Working Spaces Around the World

As co-working options increase, a number of new and growing companies are vastly improving members’ business-hour needs. Here’s a look at the latest upgrades in work amenities.

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Austen, Anonymous Writers and History

On the bicentennial of Jane Austen’s death, Amanda Foreman looks at why she published anonymously and women’s history of publishing without names.

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Angelina Jolie's new diagnosis: What to know about Bell's palsy

Bell’s palsy is a rare and often mysterious neurologic condition.

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Want to Be Happy? Buy More Takeout and Hire a Maid, Study Says

A study says that spending money to save time actually makes people happier.

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Former Obama Aides Lead Opposition to Health Care Repeal

As Republicans seek to repeal the Affordable Care Act, scores of former Obama aides who helped create the law are fighting to save it.

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Senate Soundly Rejects Repeal-Only Health Plan

Seven Republicans joined Democrats to vote down a measure that would have repealed the Affordable Care Act without a replacement.

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NFL's New Tanking Strategy: Save Till Next Year

The NFL’s salary cap for this season is a record $167 million per team—but many teams are hoarding the extra cash.

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Living With Cancer: For Kids With Cancer, Focusing on Quality of Life

Paying attention to the concerns of patients and their families from the time of diagnosis throughout treatment.

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AstraZeneca’s Cancer Drug Trial Disappoints, Sending Shares Lower

The treatment had been expected to be a crucial driver of growth for the company as it faces more competition from generic pharmaceuticals.

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Day 3: Health Care Showdown: Senate Health Care Vote: Here’s Where They Left Off and What’s Next

The Senate is moving closer to wrapping up debate over repealing the Affordable Care Act, but lawmakers have still not seen the bill they’re discussing.

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AP Interview: UN faces war, rains in Yemen cholera spread

AP Interview: The head of the U.N. child agency says trying to slow the spread of cholera in war-ravaged Yemen is "a race between us, and the rains and the continuing destruction and the fighting."

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China and India File Rival Claims Over Tibetan Medicine

In Unesco applications, the neighbors are trying to formally tie Tibetan medicine, an ancient practice with a growing commercial value, to their national patrimonies.

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WATCH: 'GMA' Hot List: CDC reveals fertility rate in the US is at all-time low

Plus, the "GMA" anchors discuss when it is acceptable to talk during TV shows.

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First 2017 Texas case of local Zika transmission reported

Texas health officials have reported what they believe to be the state's first 2017 case of local Zika virus transmission

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Grilled Leg of Lamb With Roasted Apricots: Quick Summer Recipe

With a char on the grill and a quick roast in the oven, lamb develops a delectable smoky flavor and cooks to optimum doneness. This simple recipe from London’s Ducksoup pairs the tender meat with roasted apricots and creamy labneh.

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Case of Zika Virus, Likely Spread by Mosquito, Is Reported in Texas

For the first time this year, health officials have documented a case of local mosquito transmission of the virus within the contiguous United States.

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FDA panel: Not enough data to OK "abuse-deterrent" opioid

Food and Drug Administration advisers have recommended against approving a new opioid painkiller meant to deter abuse by releasing a deep-blue dye if chewed or snorted.

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Can You Capture Nostalgia in a Bottle of Gin?

We sent novelist Christopher Bollen a bottle of Terra Botanical Gin from Indiana’s Cardinal Spirits. It took him places he hasn’t been in a long time.

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Quantifying the Benefits of Owning a Dog

Dog owners spent 30 fewer minutes a day being sedentary than those who didn’t own a dog.

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Drug wholesaler to make board change after opioid protest

Drug distributor McKesson, pressed by a Teamsters-led protest over its role in the U.S. opioid epidemic, will create an independent board chairman position.

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Fishing Adventures for Anglers of All Stripe

Six superior fishing trips, from Maine to Montana, where reeling in your catch is just part of the fun.

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Gear to Keep Your Dog Cool and Safe

A look at a high-tech e-collar for keeping tabs on your canine companion, and a low-tech dog vest to prevent overheating.

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'Healthy Living for Summer': Eating organic

What are the health benefits to eating and cooking organic?

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UN says 80 percent of Yemeni children need humanitarian aid

UN agencies say nearly 80 percent of Yemeni children need immediate humanitarian assistance

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Health Care Showdown: Senate Health Care Vote: Where the Debate Left Off and What to Watch

The legislative showdown will continue Wednesday as the Senate considers various measures to replace the health law.

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Novak Djokovic to Miss U.S. Open, Rest of 2017

After a disappointing season and increasing pain in his right elbow, tennis star Novak Djokovic announced that he is done for the year.

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Can Just Taking a Picture Help to Treat Infertility?

A new study finds that just taking a picture—and the procedure associated with it—appears to treat infertility.

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That Airline Seat You Paid for Isn't Yours

Frustrated fliers discover that paying for a preferred seat on a flight guarantees them nothing.

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Does Music Help You Work Better?

While tackling a work assignment or school homework, do you concentrate more if there is music in the background? A neurologist considers the ‘Mozart Effect.’

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US salmonella outbreak linked to papayas from Mexico; 1 dead

U.S. health officials are investigating a salmonella outbreak linked to papayas from Mexico that has killed a person in New York City and sickened another 46 people in 12 states

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A Day in the Life of Lindsay Jang & Matt Abergel

The duo behind two of Hong Kong’s most popular restaurants expands its empire.

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Lakeside Living in the Ozarks

Three luxury homes for sale in the mountains of southeast Missouri

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Agents Whose Day at Work Went to the Dogs

One finds herself joining a doggie daycare pack, another has to outrun ‘Cujo’

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How Jony Ive Masterminded Apple's New Headquarters

With Apple Park, the company’s chief designer has once again brought Steve Jobs’s exacting design vision to life.

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Contemporary Houston House Asks $19.5 Million

Designed by Howard Barnstone & Partners, the home of Richard Mithoff, a prominent personal-injury lawyer, features a 55-foot-long steel-and-glass living/dining room.

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The Latest: Parents concede baby Charlie dying in hospice

Charlie Gard's parents are conceding that he will die in a hospice and not at home as they had previously wished

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Harvey Weinstein Cuts Hamptons Home Price to $12.4 Million

The producer and his wife, Georgina Chapman, had previously listed the home, in Amagansett, N.Y., for $13.5 million.

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Judge set to decide on where Charlie Gard's spends last days

A British judge is set to rule on where Charlie Gard, a baby with a rare genetic disease, will spend the last days of his life

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From 'couch potato' dad to vegan ultra-endurance athlete

Rich Roll spoke with ABC's Dan Harris for his "10% Happier" podcast.

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WATCH: What to skip and what to swap at the supermarket

Nutritionist Maya Feller ambushes shoppers at Costco to help give tips on what to buy and healthy swaps to look for while grocery shopping.

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WATCH: New survey sheds light on the US fertility rate

Dr. Jennifer Ashton appears live on "GMA" to discuss a new survery that sheds some light on why the U.S. fertility rate has hit a historic low.

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What to skip and swap at the grocery store

Nutritionist Maya Feller shares tips on how to make healthy shopping choices.

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For the White Sox, the Future Begins Now

The Chicago White Sox have embarked on a scorched-earth rebuild that could set a new standard for how to repair a struggling franchise

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The Latest: Trump blasts Murkowski on health care vote

President Donald Trump is attacking a Republican senator who opposed moving forward with long-promised legislation to repeal and replace "Obamacare."

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WATCH: New report finds brain disease in most football players studied

Researchers at Boston University found that of the 111 former NFL pros included in their study, 110 met the criteria for a CTE diagnosis.

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Phys Ed: How Tattoos Might Affect Your Workout

The amount and saltiness of sweat changed in skin areas that had been dyed.

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Senate health care debate could be suspenseful and raucous

The Senate's fast-track health care debate could bring confusion, plot twists and all-nighters

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Vote shows GOP's problems in replacing Obama health law

The Senate is plunging into full-fledged debate on the Republican effort to demolish the Obama health care law

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Pharmaceutical company Celgene settles suit for $280 million

A pharmaceutical company has agreed to cough up $280 million to settle a lawsuit in federal court in Los Angeles alleging it committed fraud promoting two cancer drugs for unapproved purposes

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How to Boost Resilience in Midlife

There are active steps you can take during and after a crisis to speed your emotional recovery.

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Celgene to Pay $280 Million to Settle Fraud Suit Over Cancer Drugs

The lawsuit accused the pharmaceutical company of marketing Thalomid and Revlimid for unapproved use on a broader range of cancers.

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Cheers! NYC Bars Take Top Cocktail Awards

New York City establishments BlackTail, Dante, PDT and NoMad Bar took home awards at Tales of the Cocktail, an annual gathering that brings together thousands of the top bar and spirits professionals in the world.

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WATCH: Why eating and cooking organic can be beneficial to your health

ABC News' Olivia Smith interviews Chef Tara Punzone on the health benefits of eating organic.

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WATCH: Why eating and cooking organic can be beneficial to your health

ABC News' Olivia Smith interviews Chef Tara Punzone on the health benefits of eating organic.

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Trump administration cuts short anti-teen pregnancy grants

Dozens of teen pregnancy prevention programs deemed ineffective by President Donald Trump's administration will lose more than $200 million in funding following a surprise decision to end five-year grants after only three years

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Study Shows Toll on Brain in Former Football Players

A new study shows that the vast majority of former football players whose brains were donated for research showed signs of severe trauma, reinforcing the dramatic toll the sport can take on its participants.

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EPA chief pledges to streamline Superfund pollution cleanups

President Donald Trump's environmental chief has issued a list of directives intended to "revitalize" the federal program that clean up hazardous waste sites

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Celgene Corp. to pay $280M to settle cancer drug fraud suit

A New Jersey pharmaceutical company has agreed to pay $280 million to settle a federal lawsuit alleging it committed fraud promoting two cancer drugs for unapproved purposes

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Take Control at the Food Hall

Developers and customers are figuring out better ways to navigate the ambitious new food halls sprouting up around the country.

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A Classic Lincoln's Italian Pilgrimage

A 1954 Capri with racing in its DNA is a regular at the Mille Miglia rally for vintage cars.

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Utah home-birth rate is double the US average, report says

A new report shows Utah women are choosing home birth at a rate double the national average, and those moms tend to be older and have more education

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President Donald Trump praises Senate for moving forward on health care overhaul, says 'this was a big step'

President Donald Trump praises Senate for moving forward on health care overhaul, says 'this was a big step'

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Why Kyrie Irving's Trade Request Was the NBA's Surprising Twist

The league’s best players have decided in recent years to play together on superteams. But if Kyrie Irving leaves Cleveland, the Cavs star would be choosing the opposite.

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All but one of 111 former NFL players had brain injury in study

The study looked at the players from high school to pro levels.

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All but one of 111 former NFL players had brain injury in study

The study looked at the players from high school to pro levels.

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Fact Check: For Trump’s ‘Victims’ of Obamacare, Senate Bill May Be Worse

President Trump misleadingly suggested that the Senate health bill would provide “relief” to families hurt by the current law.

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Escape to a Stubbornly Idyllic Spanish Isle

While Ibiza and Mallorca draw the party crowd and the tourist hordes, neighboring Minorca has obstinately endeavored to remain unspoiled.

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Healthy Takeout from an Acclaimed Restaurateur

Phil Winser, a founder of New York’s fat Radish, debuts a line of healthy dishes sold in to-go jars.

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Best-Selling Books, Week Ended July 16

Best-Selling Books, week ended July 16, with data from NPD BookScan

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Can You Wear a Straight Necktie With a Tuxedo?

Tradition—and quite a few experts—say it must be a classic bow tie. But the rules of formal eveningwear have relaxed considerably. What’s a stylish guy to do?

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Hall of Famer Willie McCovey on His Loving Childhood Home in the Segregated South

The former first baseman powered his way to the San Francisco Giants; today he lives in the Bay Area house he built from scratch.

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Former Trump campaign manager subpoenaed by Senate Judiciary Committee

The former Trump campaign chairman is being asked to participate in a hearing.

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Parents ask court to let them take Charlie Gard home to die

Lawyers on both sides of the case involving critically ill infant Charlie Gard will be returning to Britain's High Court

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Cheryl Strayed, Elizabeth Olsen and More on Advice

WSJ. asks six luminaries to weigh in on a single topic. This month: Advice.

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18-year-old arrested after allegedly livestreaming deadly car crash

The charges are DUI causing bodily injury and gross vehicular manslaughter.

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Myanmar officials say 3 die of swine flu

Health officials in Myanmar say the H1N1 virus, also known as swine flu, has killed three people out of 13 confirmed cases this month

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The Latest: Trump keeps up Twitter pressure on health care

President Donald Trump says "we will soon see whether or not Republicans are willing to step up to the plate!" on health care

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Cutting Out the Bris

For parents who choose not to circumcise, can a son still be Jewish?

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Health Care Showdown: Senate Health Care Vote: What to Expect

The Senate is expected to hold a procedural vote on health care as early as Tuesday afternoon.

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GOP sets Senate health care vote buoyed by McCain return

Republican leaders are steering the Senate toward a crucial vote on their health care bill

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John McCain set for Senate return on Tuesday following cancer diagnosis

It was announced last week McCain has been diagnosed with brain cancer.

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Black seniors stroll down memory lane aiming to stay sharp

A small but unique study is testing whether jogging memories where they were made can help older African-Americans stay mentally sharp and slow early memory loss

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Trump to rally in Ohio as residents worry about health care

President Donald Trump is scheduled to visit Ohio on Tuesday as the U.S. Senate will vote on whether to open debate on legislation to repeal and replace former President Barack Obama's health care law

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Trump to rally in Ohio as residents worry about health care

President Donald Trump is scheduled to visit Ohio on Tuesday as the U.S. Senate will vote on whether to open debate on legislation to repeal and replace former President Barack Obama's health care law

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It's OK to Party When You Turn 60

More people are celebrating their age rather than lamenting getting older. One couple had a 120 party to fete both reaching the milestone.

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Patients Make More Medication Mistakes

Researchers find that the number of serious medication mistakes has been on the rise. The errors can mean patients wind up hospitalized.

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Tour de France or Snore de France?

It was close, but another victory for Chris Froome and Sky prompts questions about parity in cycling, writes Jason Gay.

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Adrian Beltre Just Keeps Getting Better With Age

As he approaches 3,000 career hits, Adrian Beltre is posting offensive numbers that make him one of the best third basemen of all time.

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Scientists Report a Rare Case of H.I.V. Remission

A girl in South Africa, born infected with the virus, was given early treatment and remained free of the infection eight years later, scientists reported on Monday.

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The Latest: Abortion protesters OK letting buffer zone stand

Abortion opponents have agreed to let a federal restraining order regarding a Kentucky clinic continue until it expires later this week

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Baby sitter pleads guilty in 8-month-old's medicine death

An Ohio baby sitter who authorities say gave a fatal dose of Benadryl allergy medication to an 8-month-old boy has pleaded guilty to involuntary manslaughter

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WATCH: 'GMA' Hot List: Study finds dietary supplement exposure calls to poison control centers skyrocketed

Plus, ABC News' T.J. Holmes discusses Michael Phelps' race against a great white shark, and Rob Lowe says his decision to paddleboard with sharks was the result of a "midlife crisis."

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Man killing self tells police: 'Hurry up,' I'm organ donor

A Maine man told a 911 dispatcher he was killing himself and first responders needed "to hurry up" because he was an organ donor

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Family of brain-dead California girl fights to reverse death

More than three years after a coroner declared a teen girl dead, a Northern California judge is deciding whether to revoke her death certificate at the family's request

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England’s Mental Health Experiment: Free Talk Therapy

The two creators of the program concluded that providing therapy, creating a system of primary care for mental health, made economic sense.

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WATCH: 5-year-old heart-transplant recipient dies

Ari Schultz, the 5-year-old heart-transplant recipient who wow'd people with his positive attitude and joyful exuberance, has died.

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Global Health: In Some Countries, Women Get Days Off for Period Pain

In some countries, companies offer women paid time off for period pain. But some experts fear these policies reinforce dated stereotypes.

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It’s High Time for Ticks, Which Are Spreading Diseases Farther

The disease-carrying blood suckers are spreading more pathogens and putting more Americans at risk, even for more rare illnesses.

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Buying time may increase life satisfaction, study says

An international study surveyed more than 6,000 women and men in four countries.

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Health care bill could quash furlough plan for sick inmates

Health care overhaul bill could quash furlough plan for sick inmates in Louisiana

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As fatal overdoses rise, pioneering police effort evolves

A unique approach to combating the heroin scourge is evolving in the Massachusetts city where it began two years ago

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Abortion opponents challenging Kentucky clinic buffer zone

Abortion opponents are challenging a federal restraining order that moves them off a patch of sidewalk in front of a Louisville clinic, the last one performing abortions in Kentucky

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How to Hang a 28-Foot-Tall Masterpiece

The Met is installing one of its largest paintings, a Villalpando from Mexico’s Puebla Cathedral; Taking apart and reassembling.

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WATCH: 'Motivated' podcast: Do juices, detoxes and cleanses work?

Nutritionists Brooke Alpert and Keri Glassman weigh the regimens' pros and cons.

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WATCH: 'Motivated' podcast: Do juices, detoxes and cleanses work?

Nutritionists Brooke Alpert and Keri Glassman weigh the regimens' pros and cons.

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Chris Gard says his son Charlie won't live to see his first birthday, which is less than two weeks away

Chris Gard says his son Charlie won't live to see his first birthday, which is less than two weeks away

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Charlie Gard's father says too much time has elapsed in court battles to seek experimental treatment for him

Charlie Gard's father says too much time has elapsed in court battles to seek experimental treatment for him

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Chris Gard says it is time to let their ill son Charlie go and "be with the angels.''

Chris Gard says it is time to let their ill son Charlie go and "be with the angels.''

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In Joshua Tree, Two Giant New Works of Art

Thanks to the vision of artist Rachel Whiteread, two forgotten huts in a private sculpture park have transcended their humble origins to become imposing new masterpieces.

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Beer and Wine in the Same Glass? It's Actually Delicious

Bring a six-pack of something truly surprising to this weekend’s round of barbecues: refreshing new hybrids that combine the best elements of beer, wine and other beverages.

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Study finds a major uptick in calls to poison control centers over dietary supplements

A study found a nearly 50 percent increase in such calls between 2005 and 2012.

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Baby Charlie Gard's mother tells Britain's High Court his parents "only wanted to give him a chance of life.''

Baby Charlie Gard's mother tells Britain's High Court his parents "only wanted to give him a chance of life.''

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Parents prepare to return to return to court over sick baby

The parents of a critically ill infant are returning to court for the latest stage in their effort to seek permission to take the child to the United States for medical treatment

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WATCH: Healthy options at big box store food courts

ABC News' Becky Worley reports on how you can choose healthy options for your children at the cafes at Costco, Sam's Club, B.J.'s, and other big box stores.

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WATCH: Rise in calls to poison control centers related to dietary supplements

A new report finds that calls to Poison Control Centers as a result of dietary supplements exposure has risen by almost 50 percent, and most incidents involve young children.

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HIV epidemic 'coming under control' in nation with top rate

HIV epidemic 'coming under control' in country with world's highest rate, Swaziland: US

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'Phelps vs. Shark,' Reviewed by a Shark

In the aftermath of the hyped Discovery race between Michael Phelps and a Great White Shark, a shark weighs in from the ocean.

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How Jordan Spieth Saved the Open by Mastering an Obscure Golf Rule

After a horrendous tee shot on the 13th hole during the final round of the British Open, Jordan Spieth displayed his mastery of the rules to save his tournament.

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Personal Health: The Subtle Signs of a Thyroid Disorder

Routine blood tests may fail to detect insufficient thyroid hormone, leaving patients without an accurate explanation for their symptoms.

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China warns India of its 'resolve' amid border standoff

China is warning India not to underestimate its determination to safeguard what it considers sovereign territory amid an ongoing standoff between the two neighbors over a contested region high in the Himalayas

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Girl's HIV infection seems under control without AIDS drugs

A South African girl born with the AIDS virus has kept her infection suppressed for 8 1/2 years after stopping anti-HIV medicines

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GOP health bill still a mystery before planned vote

The Senate plans a vote this week on a Republican health care bill but it's a mystery what they are voting on.

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It's a Vasectomy Party! Snips, Chips and Dips With Your Closest Friends

Pals willing to spend a few thousand dollars are getting ‘brosectomies’ together at clinics that look more like club lounges; ‘I guess it’s from the alcohol, but we had such a great time.’

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Immigrant deaths in tractor-trailer highlight danger of heat

Experts say the temperature inside a tractor-trailer where eight smuggled immigrants died and many others were left in dire health would have quickly become unbearable in the Texas heat

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A Rush to Develop ‘Utterly Transformative’ Gene Therapies Against Cancer

Gene therapy for cancer is becoming a reality but works best for blood cancers like leukemia and not so well yet in more common ones like lung cancer.

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Ahead of key vote, details of GOP health bill still unknown

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Is Intermittent Fasting Right For You?

Walk into a mechanic’s workshop and you won’t see just one device hanging on the wall. You’ll spot a peg board covered in tools of all different shapes and sizes. Each has a purpose and a value, but you wouldn’t necessarily use all of them at the same time.

Diet strategies are not much different: There are a lot of different tools you can use to keep your body working and look the way you want. Understanding what those tools are, and when and how you can best use them, will help you keep your eating on track.

Intermittent fasting success depends a lot on your personal preferences, schedule, and how you feel when you fast.

One such dietary tool that’s received a lot of attention is intermittent fasting (IF). Read enough stories about intermittent fasting, and it starts to sound like magic, with benefits going well beyond weight loss. Proponents say—and some preliminary research agrees—that IF can help improve important health biomarkers (like fasting blood glucose and triglyceride levels), turn back the clock on time (anti-aging), and even help fight neurodegenerative diseases (health defense).

But, as you’ll see, those benefits vary from person-to-person—and also depend on the style of intermittent fasting you prefer to follow.

Should you try IF? Here’s a guide that will help you answer those questions and help you understand the dietary tools that might be best for your body.

What exactly is intermittent fasting, anyway?

At the most basic level, intermittent fasting is something everyone does every day — it’s a break between meals. The most common of which occurs when you fast between your final meal of the day (usually dinner) and breakfast the following morning. (Hence the name, “break the fast.”)

Within the health and fitness realm, however, people use the term “intermittent fasting” to describe times when you intentionally extend that overnight fast for periods of time lasting anywhere from 12 to 24 hours.

The Lean Gains approach, for example, advocates a 16-hour fast. So if you started eating at 8 am, for instance, you would finish eating for the day at 4 pm, then fast for the rest of the day, and start eating again at 8 am the next day. The hours that you fast don’t matter, just that you go 16 consecutive hours without eating followed by 8 hours where you do. That cycle repeats every day.

There’s also the Warrior Diet, which is a 20-hour fast coupled with a 4-hour eating window. And the Eat Stop Eat protocol, which incorporates one full 24-hour break from eating at least one day per week. But then the rest of the week you eat on any schedule that you desire.

We’ll weigh the pros and cons of each of these approaches in a bit. For now, let’s address the even larger question at hand…

Does intermittent fasting work?

For all the health benefits fasting recently linked to intermittent fasting, there’s one overarching reason why most people try it: To lose fat. And if that’s your goal, then the answer is yes, intermittent fasting might help — but not for the reasons you think.

There isn’t some magic at work that’s responsible for the numerous intermittent fasting success stories. The reason people following fasting protocols are able to lose weight is quite straightforward: They eat fewer calories than they burn throughout the day because the “eating windows” or weekly fast makes it harder to overeat.

Limiting the hours when you can eat helps you eat fewer calories overall. Think about it: let’s say your plan for weight loss required you eating 2,000 calories per day. It’s going to be easier to stick to that goal if you can only eat for an 8-hour window in a day as opposed to 14 hours. When you consider fat loss alone (more to come on the other health, longevity, and disease-fighting benefits), intermittent fasting provides an easy-to-follow structure that naturally creates habits that make it harder to overeat. Can you still over-eat within a limited time window and gain weight? Of course. But that’s the case with any eating approach. But instead of thinking about how many meals to eat, you just set a start time and stop time to your meals, and then eat in a way that feels best for you — assuming you stay within the amounts that you should be eating.

Can you still over-eat within a limited time window and gain weight? Of course. But that’s the case with any eating approach. But instead of thinking about how many meals to eat, you just set a start time and stop time to your meals, and then eat in a way that feels best for you — assuming you stay within the amounts that you should be eating.

The benefit is that this provides lots of flexibility and allows you to select the eating window (or style of IF — we’ll cover all of these to help you find the best option for you) that fits your lifestyle. Perhaps you skip breakfast, have your first meal around noon, and then end in the early evening. Or you could push back later, and then cater to your late-night eating preferences. Or maybe you do the opposite — start eating early and end in the early evening to avoid the late-night snack habit. Any of these approaches can work — it’s all about your preference.

All these intermittent fasting schedules can create an energy deficit that leads to weight and fat loss. (Again, we’ll cover a detailed breakdown of how to make this happen a little later in this post.) And while the details of nutrition still matter — proteins, carbs, and fats — it’s the simplified approach to eating less overall that makes intermittent fasting popular.

“Yes, the macronutrient splits matter a little bit. Yes, timing matters maybe a bit more. But to the largest extent, all the data suggests the real contributor to fat loss and weight loss is total calories,” says Anthony D’Orazio, director of nutrition and physique at Complete Human Performance.

And when you consider that fewer hours during the day to eat means fewer calories (or having one day — like in Eat Stop Eat method — where you don’t eat at all), you can see how week over week, it’s easy to limit your calories. After all, that’s what really works with fat loss. Thinking less about any given meal or one day, and instead of seeing the big picture and trying to limit total calories on a weekly or monthly basis. When the deficit adds up over time, so does your weight loss.

OK, but will intermittent fasting work for you?

While the answer to that will be different for every reader, it’s worth noting that certain people tend to do better with fasting than others.

For example, research suggests that fasting works well for men. For example, this eight-week study of young males who had experience with resistance-training showed that those who ate only during an eight-hour window lost 16.4 percent of their fat mass, compared to just under 3 percent for a group who ate the same calories over a longer period.

Krista Scott-Dixon, director of curriculum at Precision Nutrition, cautions that those results may not translate to everyone, since the study’s subjects “are naturally lean, and already forget to eat half the time.”

On the other hand, there’s a mixed bag of results for women. While fasting can offer the same daily structure that helps restrict calories by having fewer hours to eat, the problems is that women tend to experience more unwanted side effects from fasting, especially with a prolonged fasting period (think 16 hours or longer) because of their hormonal environment.

“[Women’s] bodies are exquisitely sensitive to nutrient deprivation,” Scott-Dixon says. Women on a prolonged IF protocol may see a reduction in thyroid output, a decrease of estrogen, and other adverse hormonal effects. Pair that with an increase in exercise, and it could bring about menopausal-like effects (i.e. you stop getting your cycle) as well as powerful cravings.

Scott-Dixon also recommends that one group steer clear of IF: Anyone who has a history of, or tendency towards, disordered eating. “If you look at IF forums or groups, people are devoting an unhealthy amount of attention to when they get to eat, how much they get to eat, what they get to eat once they break their fast. It starts to get into a really behaviorally, emotionally weird area.” This behavior, Scott-Dixon warns, “can develop into a disordered eating kind of pattern.”

Does that mean that you need to steer clear of IF? Not exactly. It’s more of a general warning for any type of diet behavior. Counting macros and calories can lead to disordered eating just as much as intermittent fasting. So the point isn’t to avoid all potentially helpful dietary strategies, but — instead — consider how you feel and how much you stress while following an intermittent fasting style of eating. If you are stressing less and feel more in control, then great. If food and clock start to dominate your life, you might want to question if it’s helping or hurting.

Ultimately, intermittent fasting success depends a lot on your personal preferences, schedule, and how you feel when you fast.

If you find that intermittent fasting is a fit for you or something you want to try, you can do it and know it works about as well as any diet that results in a calorie deficit. A 2017 study in the Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine found that obese people who followed a more-typical daily calorie restriction diet (they ate 75% of their target total every day) and those who followed an alternate-day fasting approach (they ate 25% of their target one day, then 125% the next) experienced similar mean weight loss totals over a year-long span.

Are there other health benefits of intermittent fasting?

Intermittent fasting protocols reportedly slow down aging, improve mental acuity, increase longevity, reduce chronic disease risks, and actually decrease hunger. While many of those conclusions are based on preliminary research, science to date does back up some of them.

In a 2016 study, researchers concluded that intermittent fasting prevented neuron damage in the brain. Animal studies have found an association between fasting and reduced risk of lymphoma. Four different studies have found a correlation between fasting and reduced symptoms of arthritis, and others have suggested that by reinforcing your circadian rhythms, fasting may promote longevity.

What’s fueling these benefits? A process called autophagy. In autophagy, your body essentially kills off old, diseased or otherwise incomplete cells.

“A lot of neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by this build up of crud, [old cells that need to be cleared away,” Scott-Dixon says. “Autophagy is like the cleanup crew that kind of goes in and munches everything up.”

Autophagy is triggered by fasting. When you eat, autophagy hits snooze. Your body has to redirect the energy from the autophagy process to the digestive process to break down your food.

You wouldn’t feel this process at work. But when you fast, you might feel like you have greater mental clarity and better hunger control. Martin Berkhan, who designed the Lean Gains diet, says these effects are at least partially due to chemistry. Your body releases chemicals called catecholamines after 16-24 hours of fasting to keep you from feeling famished.

One of the catecholamines that get released during a fast is adrenaline, a stress hormone that improves mental cognition. “For some people, that feels amazing,” Scott-Dixon says. “[But] You’re not tuning into the universe in any magic way.”

When you read reports of people feeling more productive and focused when they fast, it’s not just your body’s chemicals at work. “There is also a mental component to it,” Berkhan says. “If you know you’re not eating until noon, you will find other things to occupy your mind with, such as work, which also helps keep your hunger in check.”

The transition away from “I’m hungry” to “I’m thinking about something else” can take a few days. But Berkhan says that once you get used to it, the experience is liberating. He says he used to be pre-occupied with food, following a bodybuilder’s regimen of constant feeding and macro-counting, but now he no longer “feels doomed to a life of obsessive calorie counting,” so he can concentrate more on his work.

Which intermittent fasting schedule should you follow?

As we discussed earlier, there are lots of different fasting protocols. Despite some of the marketing copy you might see out there, none have been conclusively proven to be more effective than the others in a clinical study. So the question isn’t which one’s best, but which diet is best for you.

“Like with any sort of plan, if you don’t or can’t follow it, it’s a shit plan,” D’Orazio says. Finding a protocol that you’ll actually follow is more important than believing one fast period is superior to another. So if you know you can’t live without food for a whole day—or at least can’t do it and not rip your spouse’s head off—don’t do it.

Here are some options you can try.

The simplest intermittent fasting approach: 12 hours off/12 hours on

The easiest fasting protocol is probably also the least extreme: Fasting for 12 hours a day and eating during the other 12.

“If you tend not to eat that close to bed—say three hours before you sleep—all of the sudden you’re at 11 hours without eating,” says D’Orazio. Wait an hour after you get up to eat breakfast, and you’re in the clear.

The drawback here is that, as far as calorie restriction goes, 12 hours can be a long eating window. In fact, even if you’re not following an intermittent fasting protocol, it’s possible that your daily meals only span a 13- or 14-hour window. Dropping your eating period by an hour or two may not be enough to put you at an energy deficit or change your habits in a way that will produce the fat loss goals you want.

If you do opt for a 12/12 split, studies indicate that you may experience some of the health benefits of fasting, including increased insulin sensitivity. However, studies on Ramadan fasters suggest that increases in glucagon (an inducer of autophagy) happen more in the 16-hour range, so autophagy may not be maximized with a 12-hour fast.

The Lean Gains approach: 16 hours off/8 hours on

Berkhan’s Lean Gains method is designed for lifters and fitness enthusiasts who also have a real life.  “It’s also easy for people with regular working hours to maintain. It’s not very hard to eat lunch at noon, when you ate something at 8-9 pm the previous day, once you get used to skipping breakfast,” says Berkhan.

The approach is favorable because a 16-hour period is long enough to trigger autophagy (as discussed above), while an 8-hour eating window may be more conducive to fat loss for some. And you can eat around your training, placing an emphasis on eating plenty of protein, controlling carbs, and scheduling meals around your workouts.

Berkhan himself, like many Lean Gains enthusiasts, doesn’t eat a full meal before training. Instead, he opts to consume some BCAAs in advance of his workout. D’Orazio suggests a different approach. He says that in order to maximize training performance and maintain muscle, someone on a 16/8 fasting split should try and eat at least one meal before their workout, and place their training session in the middle of their eating window.

Ultimately, you’ll have to find the pattern that works best for you through trial and error, taking into consideration the time of day when you can actually work out. If your job allows you to train in the middle of the day, then you could try either Berkhan or D’Orazio’s approach. But if your schedule is such that the only time you can lift is first thing in the morning, you may not have time to prepare a meal, eat, and then digest all ahead of your training.

The Warrior Diet: 20 hours off/4 hours on

In The Warrior Diet, author Ori Hofmekler took inspiration from history to design a 20-hour fast with a 4-hour feed—the idea is to mimic a hunter/gatherer lifestyle where you worked or battled all day, then chowed down at day’s end. Small snacks, like a piece of fruit or yogurt, are allowed during the day, but Hofmekler recommends eating most of your food in a giant, Viking-like feast at the end of the day. In this way, you’re not fully fasting on the Warrior Diet, but underfeeding all day, then overfeeding at night.

“Our ancestors consumed food much less frequently, and often had to subsist on one large meal per day or go for several days at a time without food,” Hofmekler’s book quotes researcher Mark Mattson as saying. “Thus, from an evolutionary perspective, human beings were adapted to intermittent feeding rather than to grazing.”

Whether or not this is historically accurate or makes sense from an evolutionary standpoint is for the anthropologists to debate. From a dietary perspective, one thing is clear: If you did limit your eating to just four hours a day, it might actually be difficult to overeat. Studies support this analysis. For example, a 2007 study found that having one meal per day was associated with a greater loss in weight and fat mass compared to eating three daily meals.

Note that we said “difficult” but not “impossible.” Roman soldiers and Vikings didn’t have high-calorie fare like Big Macs to chow down on. Fasting for even an extended period like this doesn’t give you license to eat straight-up anything and expect to lose weight.

If you find that a 20-hour fast isn’t so much a path to mental clarity as it is the road to hangrytown, then this kind of protocol can be a tough one. You might have trouble concentrating at work, or worse, find you have a short fuse and lash out at people. In that case, a warrior approach is not recommended.

Also, if gaining muscle is your focus, based on what we know about muscle protein synthesis (a key role in gaining muscle), having protein at just one meal (or maybe 2) per day within a 4-hour window is not ideal for building muscle.

Eat, Stop, Eat: Take 24 hours off of eating once per week

Brad Pilon’s “Eat, Stop, Eat” protocol calls for a weekly fast of 24 hours. During that time you can drink non-caloric beverages (think: water, coffee, and tea—all without milk or sugar, of course), but otherwise, you take a break from eating.

For some, this single, extended fast can be less disruptive. Instead of thinking about when you’re going to eat or not eat every day, you only have to consider it once a week. And the approach is helpful from a weight loss perspective too—again because of calories in/calories out.

The simple way to look at it is this: You know how, on any given day, you have a target number of calories to hit. The same is true for your total across the week. So using the earlier example, let’s say your target is 2,000 calories per day. That would mean you’d have a 14,000-calorie allotment throughout the week. If you went one entire day without eating, you could then spread the calories you saved across the other six days, meaning you could consume about 2,300 calories per day. Even though you’re eating more than you should be able to, because of the day where you eat 0 calories, this results in an overall energy deficit for the week and still lose weight.

There’s a way to structure this approach so that you can go for a 24-hour time period without eating, but not actually go an entire calendar day without eating a meal. Let’s say you finish your last meal on one day by 7 pm The following day you’d skip breakfast and lunch, then eat a little later—after the clock strikes 7. Voila! You’ve just done a 24-hour fast but still eat on consecutive days.

You might think that you’ll really struggle with hunger during such an extended time period of fasting. But gaining insight into this—what true hunger really feels like—may help you distinguish between those times when you’re really hungry, and those times when you may eat out of habit in response to something like boredom. Which is why Scott-Dixon suggests trying a fast like this at least once to change your relationship with the feelings of appetite and hunger.

“You learn you can be hungry and it’s OK, you’re not going to die,” Scott-Dixon says. “For people who are looking to lose fat, that can be very helpful.” Why? Because you’ll be better equipped to deal with those feelings on other days when you’re restricting calories or fasting for shorter periods.

The 5:2 Diet: Restrict yourself twice…and have more freedom

If you think a 24-hour fast is no problem, then why not go for two? That’s the rough concept behind the 5:2 Diet, which originated in the United Kingdom and has since been gaining in popularity. (It’s the diet that Jimmy Kimmel credits with helping him lose 25 pounds without exercise.)

If going without food for two whole days in a week sounds daunting, fear not. This is not a full-on “fast” (i.e. go completely without food) as much as it is a twice-per-week extreme restriction. That means eating about 500 calories for women and 600 for men of “fasting days.”. (The founder of the diet, Dr. Michael Mosley, has more recently stated that going as high as 800 calories is ok.)

The good news? On the other five days of the week, there aren’t many restrictions because the two days of undereating create a big calorie deficit for the week. Much like Eat Stop Eat, that allows you to eat a little more on the other five days than you “should,” meaning more flexibility. If you do the math on a 2,000-calorie per day diet, you can add up to 600 calories per day more than you would expect—or about a third of your total daily intake. You could essentially eat an extra meal on those days and be fine and still lose weight. (Remember, weight loss doesn’t happen in one day or one meal. Undereating by so much for 2 meals per week, simply enables loser calorie goals for the other 5 days.

Mosley, who is a TV personality in England that’s been compared to a “Dr. Oz crossed with Sanjay Gupta,” helped propel the 5:2 Diet’s popularity with a documentary and several books. But other than the two days per week at 800 calories or less, the fundamentals of his protocol are very similar to what you’d see in any healthy diet. The 10 elements he considers essential, which Mosley lists in this article, will sound very familiar to you: Eat protein and vegetables. Drink plenty of water. Be more physically active. Clean out the junk food from your house. Take it easy on the booze. But nothing is off limits.

But hey, basic fundamentals work—that’s why they’re the fundamentals. You could (and should) apply them to all of these approaches.

Some Helpful Intermittent Fasting Ground Rules and FAQs

If you try fasting, start slow.

Whichever fasting protocol intrigues you, give it a trial period before turning it into a commitment. Take breaks from it and notice: How do you feel? Does fasting make you have more or less energy? Were you irritable or happy? How does it affect your sleep? How did it affect your workouts? Take all of these factors into consideration to see if this kind of protocol is right to help you reach your goals.

You could start with a lower fasting period (like a 12:12) and work your way into longer durations. Gradually increasing your fasting time can help get used to some of the feelings of hunger you’ll experience. It will also help you notice and change the emotional attachment you might have to eat at certain times.

Berkhan suggests that as you’re getting accustomed to the feeling of fasting, drink coffee or other caffeinated beverages. “[It’s] quite beneficial for hunger suppression, since caffeine works better on an empty stomach.”

Which brings up a good question: What can you consume without “breaking” the fast?

You don’t have to go hungry and thirsty during your fast period: Coffee’s fine (and in fact, it can help boost autophagy). So are other zero-calorie drinks like unsweetened tea.

Supplements are OK too. Berkhan recommends 10 grams of BCAAs shortly before a workout. Now depending on the brand, that’s between 40 and 70 calories. And some studies suggest this little bit of amino acids may be enough to stop autophagy.

So you could say this counts as “breaking the fast.” But Berkhan thinks it’s worth it: “The positives—higher protein synthesis—outweighs the negatives—‘breaking the fast,’ Berkhan says.

How long should you follow a fasting plan?

Some people stay on fasting plans indefinitely after they discover the one that works for them. Berkhan is one example. He says that “once you go IF, you don’t go back. You might change or modify the protocol to better fit your needs, but you’re probably never going to go back to eating breakfast in the morning once you find that everything works better without it.”

Here’s where you could get into a bit of uncharted territory, scientifically speaking. There aren’t a ton of longer-term studies on the effects of nonstop intermittent fasting. Most studies have lasted 8 weeks or less, with many conducted during Ramadan. There have been some indications that prolonged fasting could have adverse side effects. For example, in the recent yearlong study that compared alternate-day fasting with calorie restriction, the fasting group saw increases in both HDL (“good”) and LDL (“bad”) cholesterol.

Other research—and, according to Scott-Dixon, anecdotal evidence among coaching clients—indicated that long-term fasting can depress thyroid function and reduce testosterone. For example, in the eight-week study of resistance-trained males where the group following a 16:8 fast had a sharp decrease in overall body fat, those same men also experienced a significant drop in testosterone.

“If you do [IF] for 6 months or a year, that really changes the game,” Scott-Dixon says. “We’re seeing guys now who are 20 who have the T-levels of a 70-year old,” like in this case available on Precision Nutrition’s website.

When Scott-Dixon uses fasting with clients, it’s usually with overweight clients who are suffering the effects of metabolic syndrome, a series of risk factors that can lead to heart disease and premature death. Even with these clients, Scott-Dixon says she’ll only have them fast for about 4 weeks.

For most of her non-metabolic clients, her advice is to keep the “intermittent” in intermittent fasting. “I’d suggest no more than once every two weeks for most folks,” Scott-Dixon says.

While there’s no research that tells us the “best” amount of the health benefits of fasting, a bi-weekly fast is “enough to give you the health benefits of periodic fasting, but without most of the problems.”

Are there any times when you wouldn’t want to try intermittent fasting?

D’Orazio says he wouldn’t give a fasting protocol to an athlete who works out more than once per day. It’s a fairly common practice in his work, as some clients at Complete Human Performance are triathletes who lift in the morning and do endurance training in the afternoon or evening. In order to properly fuel for these workouts, D’Orazio says this sort of person shouldn’t follow an IF protocol.

The other time when you may want to steer clear of IF? Occasions when you are experiencing a lot of stress. Fasting, or even just energy reduction, is a stressor on the body, just like exercise or lack of sleep or a really intense job. When there are lots of stressors adding up in your life, one more may not be beneficial

“I think one of the problems with any kind of diet or exercise intervention is that people consider it out of context,” Scott-Dixon says. “Even something that is “good” may not be good for YOU. We have to consider the whole picture. We can respond really well to intermittent, surprise stimuli, whether that’s an exercise challenge or a fast. What we don’t respond to as well are chronic stressors.”

Are there any times when intermittent fasting might be especially helpful?

We’ve mentioned that IF is a great way to help you “tune in” to your body and its hunger cues. Another use for intermittent fasting is during what’s politely called “hypercaloric eating”—basically, those times when you know you’re going to eat more than you should (think: you’re off visiting friends and know you’re going to have a huge meal followed by some bar-hopping later).

On this sort of day, restricting your eating window can be helpful. Just follow two guidelines: 1) Make sure the first meal you eat when you break your fast is packed with protein and veggies (they promote satiety and will help prevent you from way overdoing it), and 2) Use this technique only occasionally. It’s not meant to set up a lifestyle where you gorge yourself in the evenings. Having a big meal is not meant as a precursor to “punish” yourself with a fast. So if that’s your reasoning, then this approach is not best for you because it can lead to a bad relationship with food.

The post Is Intermittent Fasting Right For You? appeared first on Born Fitness.

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